Learning takes place continuously in ones life from the inception to the demise, this is common to all species in the animal kingdom and has become the most primitive yet the most sophisticated survival tool Mother Nature has bestowed on all living beings. The phenomenon is not limited merely on a common physiological organ “ The Brain “ or a similar distinctive component, but goes beyond biological aspects, where continuous learning & adapting takes place within complex molecular frameworks in physics and in some other cases, on unicellular organisms that has no intricate neurological network, yet sustains survival (Armstrong, 2009;Reid et al. 2016). Therefore, the essential, Life Long Learning “requires deliberate effort to create new knowledge in the face of uncertainty and failure; and opens the way to new, broader and deeper horizons of experience”(Passereli & Kolb 2012,p. 3).
According to Reid et al. (2016) on a particular type of Slime Mould “Physarum polycephalum” have revealed non-neurological organisms can solve complex mazes, anticipate regular changes and even avoid places that have been already explored or even construct super efficient transport networks within the colonies similar to human engineers.When considering early human learning patterns “helplessness” has being the prime motivational factor equipped with an extraordinary capacity to grasp not so familiar aspects in order to survive out of the usual comfort zone of a womb, Therein learning and forming of memories have begun even before the birth. (Heteran et al. 2000, cited in Gamon and Bragdon 2000).
All are born equally diverse, hence researches have focused most aviation related training to be based on cognitive mechanisms, that drives the favorable approach for an individual to process stimuli and convert them to meaningful data which could be then perceived as knowledge or as an experience. For an instance, some are more receptive to visual cues than others wherein some prefer auditory or kinesthetic approaches in learning (Rosewell, 2005; Kanske, 2001). Based on these facts, the concept of Experimental Learning has emerged where a more practical, hands – on approach to training has proved to be more effective than conventional classroom based knowledge impartation (Ramburuth, & Shirley 2011).
Honey & Mumford’s Learning Styles Questionnaire (1985) categorizes the Learning Styles into a model consisting of an Activist, Reflector Theorist and a Pragmatist. These quadrants share common characteristics with a Kolb’s Experiential Learning Model (1984) & Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory (2007), which consisted of Active Experimentation, Reflective Observation, Abstract Conceptualization and Concrete Experience (Cassidy, 2004; Kanske, 2001;Passereli & Kolb 2012).
Early Basic Flight Training methods in aviation lacked a cognitive/experimental learning opportunity for trainee pilots where “The task is presented, demonstrated, and then the student practices until the task is mastered. Appropriate feedback is provided by the instructor during the practice session” (Kanske, 2001, p.36). Additionally, The conventional training methods added unrealistic demands on trainee pilots, which required them to style – flex between Kolb’s 1985 LS model while attempting to master different technical competencies required of them, which was seen less effective for some trainees in terms of accomplishing the required standards (Cornett, 1983; Kolb, 1984 cited in Jones, C et al. 2003). In the same context, some argued that whether to introduce methods unfavorable or opposite to the learning styles of these trainees in order to flex their learning scope through manipulation to increase cognitive capacity (Sadler-Smith, 1996 cited in Kanske, 2001; Jaeggi et al 2008).
Further, due to strict Air Transport regulation compliance requirements Flight Crew Recurrent Training Methods haven’t changed for years and the personnel were trained on pre-defined fixed scenarios or modules, which had no real time application due to technological advancements and enhancements (Norden, 2014). Halskov–Jensen (2014, p.4) in his article emphasizes the severity of this matter by stating that If nobody remembers the reasons for having always done it this way, perhaps it’s about time to change something”.
However, modern day Air Transport Industry has seen major technological & economical advancements to meet the next generation flight safety standards, operational and environmental requirements. From ergonomic cockpits paired alongside sophisticated computers and mechanisms guiding aircraft from take off to landing with minimal human intervention requires the Airline Flight Crews to be thoroughly trained to deal with unforeseen situations which demand high levels of skill & competencies, when things don’t go as planned (Norden, 2014; Kalbow ,2014; Macleod ,2016 ). This concern is further aggravated due to strict company policies and procedures, which insist the use of Automation over manual control, pose a considerable threat for aviation Safety (Patton, 2015; Darrow, 2014).
In order to meet these industry benchmarks of safety for instance, requires holistic yet cost-effective training methods, which extend beyond conventional training techniques. In addition, it is eminent to improvise new training methodologies to cater the Generation Y entrants to the Industry (Kearns, 2015; Kalbow , 2014).
Considering these imperative social & operational demands, major aviation governing bodies such as International Air Transport Association, International Civil Aviation Organization and International Federation of Airline Pilots alongside with prominent aircraft manufactures have signed a treaty to implement enhanced training methods to mitigate catastrophic occurrences. (Norden, 2014 ; Kalbow , 2014).
According to Reid et al. (2016) on a particular type of Slime Mould “Physarum polycephalum” have revealed non-neurological organisms can solve complex mazes, anticipate regular changes and even avoid places that have been already explored or even construct super efficient transport networks within the colonies similar to human engineers.When considering early human learning patterns “helplessness” has being the prime motivational factor equipped with an extraordinary capacity to grasp not so familiar aspects in order to survive out of the usual comfort zone of a womb, Therein learning and forming of memories have begun even before the birth. (Heteran et al. 2000, cited in Gamon and Bragdon 2000).
All are born equally diverse, hence researches have focused most aviation related training to be based on cognitive mechanisms, that drives the favorable approach for an individual to process stimuli and convert them to meaningful data which could be then perceived as knowledge or as an experience. For an instance, some are more receptive to visual cues than others wherein some prefer auditory or kinesthetic approaches in learning (Rosewell, 2005; Kanske, 2001). Based on these facts, the concept of Experimental Learning has emerged where a more practical, hands – on approach to training has proved to be more effective than conventional classroom based knowledge impartation (Ramburuth, & Shirley 2011).
Honey & Mumford’s Learning Styles Questionnaire (1985) categorizes the Learning Styles into a model consisting of an Activist, Reflector Theorist and a Pragmatist. These quadrants share common characteristics with a Kolb’s Experiential Learning Model (1984) & Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory (2007), which consisted of Active Experimentation, Reflective Observation, Abstract Conceptualization and Concrete Experience (Cassidy, 2004; Kanske, 2001;Passereli & Kolb 2012).
Figure 1.0: The Learning Way: Learning from Experience as the Path to Lifelong Learning and Development
(Source: Passarelli, & Kolb, 2012)
Early Basic Flight Training methods in aviation lacked a cognitive/experimental learning opportunity for trainee pilots where “The task is presented, demonstrated, and then the student practices until the task is mastered. Appropriate feedback is provided by the instructor during the practice session” (Kanske, 2001, p.36). Additionally, The conventional training methods added unrealistic demands on trainee pilots, which required them to style – flex between Kolb’s 1985 LS model while attempting to master different technical competencies required of them, which was seen less effective for some trainees in terms of accomplishing the required standards (Cornett, 1983; Kolb, 1984 cited in Jones, C et al. 2003). In the same context, some argued that whether to introduce methods unfavorable or opposite to the learning styles of these trainees in order to flex their learning scope through manipulation to increase cognitive capacity (Sadler-Smith, 1996 cited in Kanske, 2001; Jaeggi et al 2008).
Further, due to strict Air Transport regulation compliance requirements Flight Crew Recurrent Training Methods haven’t changed for years and the personnel were trained on pre-defined fixed scenarios or modules, which had no real time application due to technological advancements and enhancements (Norden, 2014). Halskov–Jensen (2014, p.4) in his article emphasizes the severity of this matter by stating that If nobody remembers the reasons for having always done it this way, perhaps it’s about time to change something”.
However, modern day Air Transport Industry has seen major technological & economical advancements to meet the next generation flight safety standards, operational and environmental requirements. From ergonomic cockpits paired alongside sophisticated computers and mechanisms guiding aircraft from take off to landing with minimal human intervention requires the Airline Flight Crews to be thoroughly trained to deal with unforeseen situations which demand high levels of skill & competencies, when things don’t go as planned (Norden, 2014; Kalbow ,2014; Macleod ,2016 ). This concern is further aggravated due to strict company policies and procedures, which insist the use of Automation over manual control, pose a considerable threat for aviation Safety (Patton, 2015; Darrow, 2014).
In order to meet these industry benchmarks of safety for instance, requires holistic yet cost-effective training methods, which extend beyond conventional training techniques. In addition, it is eminent to improvise new training methodologies to cater the Generation Y entrants to the Industry (Kearns, 2015; Kalbow , 2014).
Considering these imperative social & operational demands, major aviation governing bodies such as International Air Transport Association, International Civil Aviation Organization and International Federation of Airline Pilots alongside with prominent aircraft manufactures have signed a treaty to implement enhanced training methods to mitigate catastrophic occurrences. (Norden, 2014 ; Kalbow , 2014).
Figure 2.0 : Airbus Cockpit
(Source: Airbus safety first magazine,2014)
Hence, a comprehensive training module must include methodologies to enhance competencies required by Flight Crews, which are categorized as technical & soft skills. Technical skills are related to handling skills of the aircraft and systems, which are more obvious on training environments which can be rectified & streamlined to meet the set standards. The latter being the most challenging attribute for development yet directly interconnected to a trainee’s interpersonal & intra-personal qualities. Lapses in these areas can go unnoticed for a prolonged period which can pose significant safety risk for airline operations (Patton, 2015).Aviation experts have therefore considered an enhanced training approach coupled with latest technologies to cater these demands and overcome identified threats in the current context while keeping the core learning concepts intact.As an initial step into a more refined collaborative cockpit space Crew Resource Management has been introduced. This concept addressed the underlying Experience Gradient between crew members & lack of effective communication, which has been identified as one of the major safety concerns in aviation related disasters (AAIASB, 2006).
In a nutshell CRM training refers to “Making use of all available resources information, equipment and people to achieve safe and efficient flight operations” while managing themselves (CAA UK, 2014;Pinsky et al. 2010, p.1).
“Competency is defined as combination of skills, knowledge and attitudes required performing a task to the prescribed standard” (ICAO, 2016, p.1 – 10).
According Airbus, the following competencies must be periodically assessed, evaluated and provided with recommendations for better retention & operational application alongside increased performance in real life situations, which has been suggested by practicing Psychologists (Airbus, 2014).
Ø Application of procedures
Ø Communication
Ø Flight path management – Automation
Ø Flight path management – Manual
Ø Knowledge
Ø Leadership and teamwork
Ø Problem solving and decision making
Ø Situation awareness
Ø Workload management
Therefore the Introduction of Competency Based Training linked with Evidence Base Training has played a pivotal role in minimizing the gap between conventional Scenario-based training, to assessing, developing of Core Competencies, for more realistic outcome (Kearns, 2015; Norden, 2014; ICAO ,2013; ICAO, 2015).These enhanced innovating methods to be integrated to current training strategies were possible mainly due the practice of "Just Culture Philosophy", where employees are not held liable for deviations from Standard Operating Procedures based on their judgment and severity of situation to minimize or mitigate risks involved provided that deliberate & gross negligence is counted for (Patton, 2014). Evidence Based Training therefore is purely based on similar occurrences’, voluntary flight crew reporting of incidents and on lessons learned (ICAO 2015; Norden, 2014; Patton, 2015).
When considering the latter stages of the process, the delivery of these enhanced training concepts were seamless due to existing technical and scientific advancements in the Industry.It was merely a transfer of real world to a virtual classroom where trainees learn by experimenting. Modern day aviation training environments consists of state-of-the-art Full Flight Simulators, Computer Based & Mobile Device Compatible Training Materials to Procedural Training Devices which acts as tools to enhance the stated Core Competencies through visual auditor & kinesthetic involvement (Airbus , 2014; Defalque ,2017).
Figure 3.0: Training simulator for pilots
(Source: Airbus safety first magazine,2014)
In Conclusion, Aviation Industry has been on a cycle of continuous growth, both in technological and operational advancements, while the training methods remained routine, regulation compliant, where it often lacked considerations for adapting methods to suit the demands of the new era. As the Industry itself proclaimed to be a center point for cutting edge innovation protocols, acted timely, with assistance of aviation professionals and governing bodies across the globe, working for enhanced training methodologies to further mitigate aviation related incidents by streamlining the interactions between the Humans & the Machines, to make the Air Transport Safer than ever before.
References
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Darrow, G. (2014) Are pilots the new threat to aviation safety: Loss of fling skills must be addressed. ICAO Training report, 4(2), pp.36-39 [Online]. Available at : < https://www.icao.int/publications/journalsreports /2014/icao_training_report_vol4_no2.pdf>. [Accessed on 21 August 2018].
Gamon, D and Bragdon, A .(2008) Learn faster & remember more. New Lanark, Geddes & Grosset
Halskov-Jensen, A. (2014) Five ways to improve training. ICAO Training report, 4(2), pp.4-5 [Online]. Available at : < https://www.icao.int/publications/journalsreports/2014/icao_training_report_vol4_no2.pdf>. [Accessed on 21 August 2018].
Defalque, H. (2017) Competency based training and assessment. High-level seminar on loc-i and uprt [Online]. Available at:
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International Civil Aviation Authority (ICAO) (2015) Doc 9868 : procedures for air navigation services, 2nd ed. Quebec, ICAO [Online]. Available at : <https://www.icao.int/SAM/Documents/2016CBT/Module%2043%20Doc%209868.Alltext.incl%20Amdt%204.pdf>. [Accessed on 2 October 2018].
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Kearns,S. (2015) The future of technology in aviation training, ICAO Training report, 5(1), pp.8-11 [Online]. Available at : <https://www.icao.int/publications/journalsreports/2015/icao_training_report_vol5_no1.pdf>. [Accessed on 21 August 2018].
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Surely Aviation industry is one of the most challenging and high risks involved industries in the world. therefore their employees should be highly skilled, motivated and performing their duties with military accuracy. Development of Refined Training Methodologies & Practices plays a key roll in the interaction of "Man And Machine" as comprehensively debated in the blog successfully relating to its title
ReplyDelete@ Chaminda Ariyaratne: Few years ago, Medical Professionals recognized a similar challenge in their field where modern technological advancements have rapidly broaden new horizons, However the training aspects for “Surgeons” have seen a struggle compete with the demands. Fortunately, by adapting best practices, which are in place to train pilots, Medical Industry too, has been successful in training and producing competent surgeons for the market. Since both roles are considered to be of critical and high risk in nature (Sommer, 2013).
DeleteThe precise information of your blog is clearly highlight the importance of effective training leads to complete tasks effectively. Harrison (2009: 8) concludes the key aim of learning and development as an organizational process is to aid collective progression through the collaborative expert and ethical stimulation and facilitation of learning and knowledge that support business goals, improve individual potentials, and respect and build on diversity”.
ReplyDelete
DeleteLasitha Wijerathne :According to Armstrong (2014) the core objective of L&D is that an Organization invest in their employees to enhance current skills and capabilities so that they are geared to meet the competencies required and contribute to the overall company mission, therefore it is important to understand what and how L&D modules are designed and how well its linked to companies business strategy.
While agreeing with the debates you have brought in Kasun, I wish to highlight irrespective of the industry we work in,Orientation too plays a major role when it comes to T & D.According to Milkovich and Boudreau (2004), orientation is a continuous process and takes time for its purpose to be achieved. Organizations give orientation to their new employees based on three reasons. First, the orientation will afford the new employee the opportunity to acquaint himself/herself with job procedures. The new employee is also oriented on how to relate with other employees and finally it makes the new employee feel that he is part of the organization and that his/her job is important ( Milkovich & Boudreau, 2004).Sooner you get all the employees in to the same page the achievement of objectives will be an easy task.
ReplyDeleteAkila Jothirathna : According to Cable, Gino & Staats on stated as per their research published on Harvard Business Review 2012, targeting personal strengths through appropriate encouragement in an induction program could lead inductees grasping skills required for the job more quicker and the outcomes affect long term employee engagement and motivation.
DeleteKasun, It is Interesting how you have discussed the status of Training and Development in the Aviation Industry. Organizations should communicate the basic responsibilities that an individual has to perform on a daily basis. As Henry (1973) states 'The task of the leader is to get his people from where they are to where they have not been'.
ReplyDeleteCrystal De Zilva: As an addition to your statement about the role of a leader on Training & development in an organization , Trainers who are specialised in training managers can no longer rely merely on task related - training strategies, instead become geared with self & career development expertise to connect with the audience ,so to have a positive transfer of competencies required to mould a manager of the future. Therefore, Trainers too have to be empowered with attitude, values & skills and knowledge which is par with with company strategy (Analoui, 1994).
DeleteThe sector you have taken is such a critical thing, since there are many lives depending on the pilot’s knowledge and skill during a flight journey. According to your blog I accept that cognitive trust and experimental learning are some important facts for a trainee pilot. When it comes to the training in aviation sector, almost all the methodologies should be practical. This cannot be done only in a theoretical manner. In that point Boadu et al (2014) too recommended that training methods should be more innovative training rather than basic class room trainings.
ReplyDeleteVayanga Rajakaruna : Agreeing on your perspective on the vitality of involving the cognitive brain functions in critical roles, hands on training improves the learners recall & storing capacity and experiential learning involves the muscle memory which contributes for lifelong learning patterns (Passereli & Kolb 2012,p. 3).
DeleteThere may be several ways that learning can be delivered, mainly through formal and informal ways. Wofford et al. (2013) emphasized informal learning more important in aviation industry. Pourdehnad and Smith (2012) investigated that commercial aviation industry has developed a learning and adaptation support system which increased air safety. Not only that, it is evidenced by developing a flying laboratory for aeronautics students for their education (Tomczyk, 2010).
ReplyDeleteThe ultimate goal of aviation training has always being “ Safety”. Taking an advantage of the learning culture and safety culture widely practised within the field of aviation, The practitioners and professionals have a wide variety of knowledge available for them at their disposal to master the skills and competencies for safer operations based on previous accidents or incidents (Sommer, 2013).
DeleteDear Kasun,its a good practical theory you have applied which I also agree that the Aviation sector need a very high slandered levels in Training & Development since its a most sensitive and dependable sector. Most often we expect zero error in slandered of the employee as you dealing with others lives as well. As you correctly mentioned Aviation sector need continuously developed and enhanced new methods rather than applying routine methods in circulation for the learning and development.
ReplyDeleteSHIRAN PEIRIS: These high standards are achieved mostly due to the training & development practises which involves showcasing of competencies in normal and emergency situations biannual proficiency checks carried out as part of the regulation to measure performance and build confidence and applicability of stringent measurements for those who does not meet the safety and training criteria (Sommer, 2013).
DeleteHi Kasun, I agree with the content of your blog and you have well related employee training to the aviation industry with your personal experience. Training activities are certainly beneficial for the employees as individuals and training-related changes of employees result in improved job performance. Moreover, the effectiveness of training carried out by the organizations varies depending on the method of training delivery and the skill or task being trained (Aguinis and Kraiger, 2009).
ReplyDeleteL&D programs are beneficial to all stakeholders of an organization, therefore progression planning should be colated with HRM strategies providing opportunity for all functional roles with opportunity develop skills and gain knowledge to improve confidence and capacity ( Armstrong,2014).
DeleteYour blog is attractive and the content is clearly formulized. Rothwell and Benkowski (2002) also intimate that the need to maintain capable human capital is met through skill differentiation, enhancing employee motivation, and higher focus on employee training and development. Learning and development is, very critical to an organization because once workers are equipped with requisite skills, they are bound to produce quality output and render quality services, thereby reducing waste and cost, increasing productivity and reducing supervision cost (Vinesh, 2014).
ReplyDeleteTo add , T&D is a major component in Employee Engagement where opportunities for career growth through development planning and specialized training can increase employee involvement with a sense of ownership & accountability( Smith & Markwick ,2009).
DeleteVery Interesting and an informative blog Kasun. According to (Michal, 2014) most of the training programmes in the airline industry are developed to ensure the highest level of security. There is no distinction between training of the pilots, the airline mechanics, the workers of the airport and the navigation services. The trainings are to develop traffic operations, save time and provide convenience of the passengers; nevertheless safety is always the main concern.
ReplyDelete“Training in aviation is often ‘on the job’ training. High training costs and the overall demand for safety require exceedingly efficient training methods Especially during the clinical phases of medical training” (Sommer, 2013,pp.32-35) Due to structured delivery methodologies in training , certain performance oriented tools have been introduced for surgeons to increase effectiveness & efficiency in their field of work.
DeleteHi Kasun,
ReplyDeleteYour blog is well explanatory about the importance of training methodologies to aviation sector. When we discussed about the T&D, especially in Aviation sector, training Budget is very important because in today’s context it has become more important because of the introduction of new technologies and rapidly changing environment which influence aviation sector heavily. American Society for Training and Development reported that U.S. organizations spend more than $126 billion annually on employee training and development due to the introduction of new technologies and rapidly changing environment (Paradise, 2007).
Air transport and safety concerns not only individual states but as a global collaborative. ICAO’s Safety Magazine in 2013,had denoted the importance of cost effective training methodologies in maintenance practises and its contribution to an overall safety improvement worldwide without a compromise through TRANAIR PLUS Program (ICAO,2013).
DeleteCRM is also considered as one of the most important targets. Great advance in technology helped in better dividing of the market territories, enhancing communications with customers, providing an environment rich with information so as to contribute in improving efficient strategies to deal with customers.
ReplyDeleteCRM provide the senior management with the necessary recommendations to take the decisions that would maximize the use of the process of focus on main customers, organizational efficiency and customer knowledge management, which may lead eventually to improving the organizational performance in general and the marketing performance in particular (Soliman, 2011, p.179).
Ruwini Perera : Just as CRM one of the other recent development in aviation has shed light on concepts such as TEM ( Threat & Error Management ) to further analyse and act on improving Safety by creating opportunities to professionals in the field to understand somewhat neglected aspect of “Human Performance Factors”. Which define interactions between Man & Operational Environments ( Maurino ,2005).
DeleteDear Kasun, yes it true that the aviation industry is one of the main areas which should have a serious set of training and development were within a split second the consequences can be adverse. According to Casner et al. (2015) if the emergency is predictable it can be sought out with confidence but when it comes to a real emergency people often seem lost where people does not have develop their recognition skills. There for Casner (2015) point out “Don’t just practice emergency in one way change it and take them surprise”. This will develop the skills of predictions and recognition skills in aviation industry to have safe flights.
ReplyDeleteAccording to many aviation professionals the mitigation of complacency and preparing flight crew for unexpected scenarios was the most challenging part in training for decades, with advancements of technologies and more research being conducted to factors that affect safety , a practise known as “ Competency Based Training was introduced to further enhance and broaden the scope of training. Proper managed CB Training Model can improve Flight Crew Awareness and influence cause of actions in emergency situation which demands out of the ordinary Morrison(2010).
DeleteHi Kasun , Your blog is well described about the importance of training methodologies to aviation sector.Aviation is a field, in which the trainings in individual companies have a major impact on the proper functioning of the entire industry. Properly and comprehensively trained worker guarantees safety of the flight operations. For this reason, the training market, the educational market is strictly regulated by the provisions. Each worker, before it starts functioning at the workplace, must attend the appropriate trainings to obtain proper licenses and certificates. However, even in such a highly regulated environment the competency gaps can occur. For this reason, the supplementary and periodic training s are held.
ReplyDelete
DeleteThis is one of the objectives of “Competency-based training” which emphasise on training standards on regular intervals for all personnel involved in flight duties and the need to meet the certain benchmarks to gauge which participants are capable of executing their job and apply the skills learned in classrooms in real operational environments more precisely Morrison(2010).
Hi Kasun, your blog is well described the importance of training and development in the Aviation industry. This will help to have an effective performance management in the organisation Management is an active part not just theoretical. It is about changing behavior
ReplyDeleteand making things happen. It is about developing people, working with them, reaching objectives and achieving results (Laurie J. Mullines, Management and Organizational behavior 2007, 411.)
Mohan Thanapalan While agreeing on your comments on Performance, The overall accomplishment of an organization is purely based on levels of performance achieved in specific sectors. Performance devries from skills, training ,resources available and motivation (Ek & Mukur,2013).
DeleteIt is nice to see the blog on training and development in the Aviation Industry. I believe that the aviation industry is one of the important area that should have a serious set of training and development. Your blog well described about the importance of training methods to the aviation sector.
ReplyDelete"Training is not an expense, but instead is an investment in the human capital of employees"(Baron & Kreps, 1999, p390). Angelo DeNisi and Ricky Griffin (2008)describe training and development as "very basis type of performance enhancement intervention" (p.451). This statement is advanced by several authors. As stated above, training should be carried out systematically, which means that its design, planning and implementation meet predefined needs. The provision of training takes place through specialist trainers and evaluated afterwards.
udeni senanayake In order to maximise on the investments employees allocate each year in substantial amounts , it is vital to understand how a learning culture can be an ideal scenario for increased performance higher employee engagement and more sensible L&D methodologies, where attracting new talent and retaining the current core is crucial for achieving organizational objectives. (Morgan,2018).
DeleteHi Kasun. Very informational and interesting. It is a specific sector, isn’t it? and the training methodologies used is unique as well and as you have very well mentioned in your Blog, training is vital and the Development is something that is continual and one which goes hand in hand. According to Dressler (2003) out of a five-step training and development process which he recognizes as useful for any organization, completing a «needs analysis», in which the organization identifies the necessary skills for its employees, analyses the current skills base and develops specific training objectives is observed by him primary and essential. However, the crux of the matter is that training and development is essential to any organization for its performance excellence.
ReplyDeleteSaliya : When structuring learning materials for an instance the assumption that all trainees have the same capacity for comprehension stands as a challenge due to negligence of individual cognitive styles . Therefore conventional training designs should be evolved to cater cognitive styles in learners to improve effectiveness by HRM practitioners to increase adaptation and performance (Riding & Sadler‐Smith, 2002).
DeleteHi Kasun, this was a nice read but according to the system program offices and independently monitor the status of new systems coming into the FAA inventory by reviewing the agency's Capital Investment Plan (CIP) to see when Technical Operations Training should start planning for training.' However, opportunities for coordination with the program offices have decreased with recent organizational changes, according to FAA Academy officials.(Dillingham, 2010).
ReplyDeleteMuhammed Sheriff The Federal Aviation Administration Capital Investment Plan (CIP) is a progression planning scheme which aims to cater the expanding demands in the field while maintaining the required safety standards through close monitoring of processes and system architectures. This 5 year program intends to work on NextGen air traffic control systems to include unmanned aerial vehicles through streamlined workforce training & procedural changes. ( FAA, 2018 ).
DeleteHi Kasun , Well explained and interesting Blog on Meeting The Demands Of The Future Aviation Industry Through Development of Refined Training Methodologies & Practices for Safer Skies.
ReplyDeleteI believe that Effective training practices should establish to gain the expected outcome ,benefits from particular training or training programs irrespective of the industry . Effective training uses the systematic approach with an emphasis on skills analysis. The purpose of the training should be clearly defined in terms of the behavior required as a result of training. The focus of the training should be to develop transferable skills. The training should be evaluated on the basis of the extent to which it has achieved its purpose (Armstrong and Taylor , 2014) . On the other hand ineffective Learning and Training processes incur only a cost to the organization ,where training or training programs related aviation industry might incur higher cost compared to other industries .
kasun weerasinghe Most companies fail to identify ineffectiveness in their training and development strategies, which can go unnoticed for prolonged times costing companies fortunes. According Beer(2016) in an article written for Harvard Business Review have clearly pointed out how CEOs should redefine the organizational T&D strategy before it ends up as a “The great training robbery”.
DeleteExcellent presentation about aviation which is very interesting topic in current scenario. Sophisticated training methods to be applied where the aviation process needed comprehensive solutions compared to the risk involved when flying
ReplyDeleteSystematic training, in its simplest way, can be described in four stages (Armstrong, 2006):
1. Identification of training needs
2. Determination of training method
3. Implementation of training, carried out by specialist trainers
4. Training evaluation
Shantha Jayasekara : According to CIPD’s Resourcing and Talent Planning 2017 Survey had pointed out how increasing L&D has contributed to reducing employee turnover and improve retention. Therefore, specialised training structures best fitted to organizational objectives can be paramount in recent times where much GEN - Y employees are not purely motivated by monetary factors (Morgan,2018).
DeleteHi Kasun,You have selected a vital topic which should be taken in to discussion for the betterment of Aviation Industry.Training is a common requirement for every job role but there are changes in the procedure and the way of training implement among different jobs. Professionalism requires combining an thorough education and training throughout a professional pilot's entire career.In order to create program that maximize the pilot's potential,it is important to acknowledge the difference between training (developing response structures )and education(developing airmanship)(IFALPA Pilot Training Standards,2012).
ReplyDeletemaheshika jayasinghe : In most critical job functions, professionalism induces transparency and drives competency which is the base of Employee Development . When T&D’ methods are bespoke and targeted to the certain industry platforms through identifying core requirements and proper evaluation processes, can be the most beneficial for an organization in terms of competitive advantage (Casey,2015).
DeleteThe topic is highly relevant to Sri Lanka’s context in order to improve the situation in Sri Lankan Airlines, the national air transport provider. The way blog was presented in such a manner that one would get a clear idea of how L & D could help the airliner to overcome present set--backs. Glad that the blog would have addressed the entire organization as a whole without confining only to Pilots but merely by stretching out the outcomes of Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle which could be applicable to all subject areas, can be used by an individual, team, or by organization as a whole (Sharlanova, 2004). Thus, the outcome of your blog would complacent the organization & not the particular segment of it.
ReplyDeleteamal wijeratne : As you have duly pointed out that robust T&D is one of the key indicator for an organizational growth and competitive advantage. Further , the main motive of training is to ensure that effective training fosters improvement in performance , motivation ,commitment and higher productivity levels which can be useful for your argument that training strategy should be a company wide initiative rather than a certain job which I have chosen to discuss Potnuru (2014 ).
DeleteTraining and development requires one to understand all the changes that take place as a result of learning by perceive its obtained positions and increase competitive advantage hence it should be a continuous culture as a significant role in the development of individual and organizational performance. Jelena (2007) observed that certainty knowledge is a reliable source of sustainable competitive advantage of any organization therefore learning organization always creating new knowledge and new technology to cope with particular environment or situation in order to produce good products and excellent services.
ReplyDeleteDilshani Ranasinghe : Potnuru (2014 ) emphasized how competitive advantage exists not only in comprehending core competencies of and special skills and being a cost effective alternative but by addressing the need of change and integrating into Training & Development practises.
DeleteSims (1998) classified Skills into three types’ technical skills which is an understanding of and proficiency in a specific kind of activity, particularly one involving methods, process, procedures or technique. It is occupation related, concrete and functional. The second type is Human skills which is the ability to work effectively as a group member and to build cooperative effort within the team/group. And the third type is conceptual skills which involve the ability to see the enterprise as a whole; it involves recognizing how the various functions of the organization depend on one another and how changes in any one part affect all the others and it extends to visualizing the relationship.
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Deletetharindu dharshana : In recent cognitive researches conducted on humans and Motor skills have been identified as catalyst for improved acquisition of cognitive skills where learners are provided with training devices with sequences of movements that are combined to produce more coordinated execution particular tasks. (Davis, Pitchford, and Limback 2011 cited in Zeng et al. 2017)
For every job role a proper Training and Development should provide to get the job done in excellent way with the maximum output. It can be a Managerial level or operational level .Or even totally different kinds of job categories. Sustainable, safe and secure global aviation development rely on availability of qualified and competent employees, supervisors and managers to plan, coordinate, manage, operate,maintain and oversee all complex operations in various airports, airspaces, airplanes, etc. An aviation training and capacity‐building roadmap will assist the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Members in the development of plans to ensure they have the required human resources, skills, technology and operational environment to carry out all aviation activities in compliance with ICAO provisions, plans, program and required performance specified in ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs).An aviation training and capacity‐building roadmap is a strategic document that outlines the human resource requirements for a State to achieve its national objectives in air transportation(Aviation Training and Capacity‐building Roadmap for States,2017).
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DeleteRuwanga : as regulative body ICAO provides continuous guidance to all aviation related organizations to minimise risk and improve profitability through sustainable means. In their “ Global Safety Magazine “ released in 2013 emphasized on below areas of interests in a more coordinated approach to identify and improve matters relating to safety.
• Monitoring of key safety trends and indicators.
• Safety Analysis.
• Policy and Standardization initiatives.
• Implementation of programmes
Hi Kasun, As u have clearly identified, aviation Industry continuous growth it is important to have technological and operational advancements, while the training support to suit the demands of the new era. Apart from technological and operational advancements it is vital to have world class customer service to survive in the industry.
ReplyDeleteDharshika Satheeja: Customer service excellence plays a major role in profitability and a definite count for competitive advantage. Training processes which address attitudes perceptions and motivational qualities are found to be more effective than conventional classroom training can not meet at certain instances( Lin & Darling, 1997).
DeleteHi, Kasun , The main objective of your study is how the training increase the employee performance. A researcher said that training increase or develop the managerial skills (Robart T.Rosti Jr, Frank shipper, 1998).despite focusing on efficiency and cost control the spending on training should increase because organization get more efficiency , effectiveness out of the training and development (workforce special report, 2006) .This shows that training increase the efficiency and the effectiveness of the organization.
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